How should a first responder assess the airway of an unconscious patient?

The most effective method for a first responder to assess the airway of an unconscious patient is to utilize the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. This technique is specifically designed to open the airway by repositioning the tongue and the throat structures that can obstruct airflow in an unconscious individual. When the patient's head is tilted back and the chin is lifted, it helps to prevent the tongue from falling back and blocking the airway, which is a common concern in unconscious patients.

Positioning a patient flat and looking for obstructions does not effectively open the airway and may overlook critical issues related to airway management. Lifting the patient's legs has no bearing on airway assessment and could lead to even more serious complications by potentially worsening the patient's condition. Checking for breathing sounds before opening the airway is counterproductive, as the airway must be clear for effective assessment of breathing sounds; without securing the airway first, it can be difficult, if not impossible, to accurately gauge the patient’s ventilation status. Therefore, the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver is a fundamental practice in ensuring a clear airway for unconscious patients.